Culture and Holidays in Uzbekistan

Languages

Uzbekistan is a multilingual workplace environment, with Uzbek, Russian, and Tajik used across industries. While Uzbek dominates corporate settings, Russian is widely spoken in government and business sectors, particularly in urban areas. Workplaces often operate in a bilingual or multilingual manner, depending on the industry and region. 

In corporate sectors like IT and finance, Uzbek is the primary language for communication, documentation, and client interactions, especially in multinational companies (MNCs). Meetings, presentations, and official emails are generally conducted in Uzbek, though employees may use Russian or Tajik informally. 

In government offices and public sector organizations, Uzbek and regional languages are commonly used for internal communication and documentation. Uzbekistan recognizes several regional languages, with Russian and Tajik being prominent in various areas. 

The manufacturing and retail sectors rely on local languages for daily operations, especially in labor-intensive industries. Factories, warehouses, and construction sites primarily use Uzbek or Russian, while management-level communication may be in Uzbek. 

In customer service, language use depends on clientele. Uzbek and Russian are common for domestic customer support, while many companies also hire speakers of Tajik and other regional languages to cater to local customers.

Workplace norms and professional etiquette

Employers in Uzbekistan must be aware of workplace norms, business communication styles, and professional etiquette to ensure smooth operations and maintain positive employee relations. Uzbekistan's work culture blends hierarchical structures, respect for authority, and relationship-building, while also embracing modern corporate values in global businesses.

Workplace hierarchy and authority

• Uzbek workplaces, especially in traditional industries and government sectors, tend to be hierarchical, with senior management making key decisions.
• Employees generally show deference to senior colleagues and managers, using formal greetings and respectful language.
• Decision-making can be top-down, but modern startups and multinational corporations have begun encouraging collaborative approaches.
• Communication is often formal and polite, especially in written correspondence such as emails.
• Networking and informal discussions (over tea breaks or lunch) help in professional growth and collaboration.
• Employees may hesitate to say “no” directly, preferring diplomatic phrases like "I will try" or "Let me check."
• Follow-up is crucial in Uzbek business culture, as decisions and approvals may take time.  

Email and phone etiquette

• Business emails should be formal, polite, and structured, starting with a greeting and ending with a professional sign-off.
• In phone calls, a courteous greeting is expected, and small talk before discussing business is common.
• Employees often use messaging apps for quick work-related communication, though formal matters are handled via email.  

Meeting etiquette and punctuality 

• Punctuality is valued but flexible—meetings may start a few minutes late, especially in informal settings.
• Business meetings often begin with small talk before transitioning into formal discussions.
• Handshakes are common in corporate environments, but some professionals may prefer traditional greetings.  

Professional dress code

• Corporate offices and multinational corporations expect formal or business casual attire (suits, shirts, trousers, formal dresses).
• In traditional industries, especially family-owned businesses, employees may wear ethnic attire on special occasions.
• Startups and tech companies often have a relaxed dress code, favoring smart casuals. 

National holidays

Employees are entitled to the following national holidays: 

• Jan. 1: New Year's Day
• Jan. 14: Day of Defenders of the Motherland
• Mar. 8: International Women's Day
• Mar. 21: Nowruz
• May 9: Day of Remembrance and Honour
• June 1: Children's Day
• Sept. 1: Independence Day
• Oct. 1: Teachers' Day
• Dec. 8: Constitution Day 

Holiday observance may vary by sector. Bridging leave is often arranged around major holidays to allow for family travel. Employers may shift workdays or grant leave extensions accordingly. 

Employees working on official holidays are entitled to overtime compensation or an alternative day off under the Labor Code. Work on make-up days is paid at the standard rate unless otherwise specified in employment agreements.