Culture and Holidays in Canada

Languages

Canada is a bilingual workplace environment, with English and French used across industries. While English dominates corporate settings, French is widely spoken in government and business sectors, particularly in Quebec and New Brunswick. Workplaces often operate in a bilingual manner, depending on the industry and region.  

In corporate sectors like IT and finance, English is the primary language for communication, documentation, and client interactions, especially in multinational companies (MNCs). Meetings, presentations, and official emails are generally conducted in English, though employees may use French informally.  

In government offices and public sector organizations, English and French are commonly used for internal communication and documentation. Canada recognizes both English and French as official languages, with provinces prioritizing their regional languages — such as French in Quebec and New Brunswick.  

The manufacturing and retail sectors rely on local languages for daily operations, especially in labor-intensive industries. Factories, warehouses, and construction sites primarily use English or French, while management-level communication may be in English.  

In customer service, language use depends on the clientele. English and French are common for domestic and international customer support, while many companies also hire speakers of indigenous languages to cater to regional customers.

Workplace norms and professional etiquette

Canadian workplaces are generally characterized by a culture of inclusivity, respect, and collaboration. While many organizations maintain a degree of hierarchy, decision-making tends to be more consultative compared to traditional top-down structures. Professional communication is typically courteous, with a balance between formality and approachability.

Workplace hierarchy and authority

Although senior management provides strategic direction, teams are encouraged to share insights and work collaboratively.

Email and phone etiquette

Business emails and phone calls are expected to be polite and concise, often starting with a friendly greeting and ending with a professional sign-off.

Meeting etiquette and punctuality

Punctuality is valued, and meetings usually begin with brief small talk before transitioning into formal discussions. Handshakes are common, although in bilingual settings, both English and French greetings are acceptable.

Professional dress code

In corporate environments, business attire or smart casual is typical, while tech startups and creative industries may adopt a more relaxed dress code.

National holidays

In Canada, federally regulated employees are entitled to ten paid public holidays: 

• New Year's Day
• Good Friday
• Victoria Day 
• Canada Day 
• Labour Day 
• National Day for Truth and Reconciliation 
• Thanksgiving Day 
• Remembrance Day 
• Christmas Day 
• Boxing Day  

Many provinces have additional public holidays. Employees required to work on a public holiday are typically entitled to premium pay or a substitute day off, as specified by local legislation