Culture and Holidays in Brunei

Languages

Brunei is a multilingual workplace environment, with Malay and English used across industries. Workplaces often operate in a bilingual manner, depending on the industry and region. 

In corporate sectors like IT and finance, English is the primary language for communication, documentation, and client interactions, especially in multinational companies. Meetings, presentations, and official emails are generally conducted in English, though employees may use Malay informally. 

In government offices and public sector organizations, Malay is commonly used for internal communication and documentation. Brunei recognizes Malay as its official language, with minority languages like Chinese and indigenous dialects spoken by small percentages of the population. 

The manufacturing and retail sectors rely on Malay for daily operations, especially in labor-intensive industries. Factories, warehouses, and construction sites primarily use Malay, while management-level communication may be in English. 

In customer service, language use depends on the clientele. English and Malay are common for domestic and international customer support, while many companies also hire speakers of Chinese dialects to cater to diverse customers.

Workplace norms and professional etiquette

Brunei’s workplace culture blends a respect for structure and professionalism with a strong emphasis on tradition and open communication. Modern organizations in Brunei value approachability, teamwork, and flexibility, especially in dynamic sectors such as oil and gas.

Workplace hierarchy and authority

While companies maintain clear reporting lines, employees are encouraged to contribute ideas and collaborate across teams. Decision-making may be consensus-driven in progressive workplaces, though senior leadership retains strategic control.

Email and phone etiquette

Business communication is typically professional and courteous. Emails begin with polite greetings and use formal language, while phone calls are respectful and often include brief pleasantries before addressing business topics.

Meeting etiquette and punctuality

Meetings are expected to begin on time, with a structured agenda. Punctuality is valued. Informal conversation at the start is common and helps foster rapport. Contributions from all attendees are encouraged.

Professional dress code

Traditional industries such as banking may require formal business attire. In contrast, start-ups and tech firms often adopt business casual or smart casual dress codes, especially in hybrid and remote environments.

National holidays

Employees are entitled to several national holidays in Brunei.

• Jan. 1: New Year’s Day
• Isra and Mi’raj
• Chinese New Year
• Feb. 23: National Day
• Ramadan
• Nuzul Al-Quran
• Hari Raya Aidilfitri
• May 31: Royal Brunei Armed Forces Day
• Hari Raya Aidiladha
• Islamic New Year
• Jul. 15: Sultan’s Birthday
• Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday 

Employees may also receive local or sector-specific holidays depending on their region or industry. Bridging days are sometimes granted when holidays fall near weekends. 

Employees who work on public holidays are entitled to compensatory time off or additional pay, as regulated by Brunei’s labor law and collective agreements. Standard rates apply on make-up days unless stated otherwise in employment terms.