Culture and Holidays in Malaysia

Languages

Malaysia is a multilingual workplace environment, with Malay (Bahasa Malaysia), English, Tamil, and several Chinese languages used across industries. While Malay is the official language, English is widely utilized in corporate settings, government, and business sectors nationwide. Workplaces often operate in several languages, depending on the industry and region.

Workplace norms and professional etiquette

Malaysian workplace culture emphasizes respect for hierarchy, harmony, and a blend of formality with personal relationships. Understanding these cultural nuances is essential for effective professional interactions in Malaysia.

Workplace hierarchy and authority

Malaysian organizations often have hierarchical structures, with decision-making centralized among senior management. Deference to authority is customary, and formal titles are used in professional settings, reflecting the importance placed on respect and protocol.

Email and phone etiquette

Business communications in Malaysia are formal and courteous. Emails begin with respectful greetings and may include pleasantries to build rapport. Phone conversations often start with friendly exchanges before addressing business matters, aligning with the cultural emphasis on relationship-building. 

Meeting etiquette and punctuality

Punctuality is appreciated, though meetings may start later than scheduled. Initial meetings focus on establishing trust and personal connections before delving into business discussions. Patience and flexibility are valued during negotiations.

Professional dress code

Attire in Malaysian workplaces is formal and modest. Men typically wear suits and ties, while women opt for dresses or suits that cover the shoulders and knees. Dressing appropriately demonstrates respect for cultural norms and professionalism.

National holidays

In Malaysia, employees are entitled to several national holidays.

• Jan. 1: New Year’s Day
• Chinese New Year (2 days)
• Feb. 1: Federal Territory Day (Kuala Lumpur)
• Hari Raya Puasa (Eid Al-Fitr, 2 days)
• Hari Raya Haji (Eid Al-Adha)
• May 1: Labour Day
• King’s Birthday 
• Aug. 31: National Day
• Sept. 16: Malaysia Day
• Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday 
• Deepavali
• Dec. 25: Christmas

In addition to federal holidays, each Malaysian state may observe its own public holidays. It is common to create longer breaks around major celebrations by taking bridging leave. Employers may adjust schedules to accommodate long holiday periods. 

Employees who work during public holidays are entitled to double pay or a substitute day off, as specified under the Employment Act or collective agreements. Make-up days are compensated at standard rates unless contractually agreed otherwise.